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Top1. Introduction
A satisfy livable environment is an important condition for the city to continuously attract foreign talents and ensure sustainable prosperity. Based on the questionnaire survey data, for example, subjective acceptance of air quality has a significant positive impact on the willingness of graduate students to stay in Beijing (Hao et al., 2020). The ecological environment is the basis for human survival and economic development. However, economic growth is excessively dependent on resource consumption with high pollution and high emission. Besides, the coal-based energy consumption structure and more and more motor vehicle possession bring about continuous deterioration of the ecological environment (Chen et al., 2013), especially the air pollution has become a prominent dilemma in China’s ecological environmental governance. According to the “China Environmental Status Bulletin” in 2015, 265 cities in 338 prefecture-level cities and above had excessive ambient air quality, accounting for 78.4%, and the average over-the-counter ratio was 23.3%. The PM2.5 concentration (fine particulate matter with diameters equal or smaller than 2.5μm) is the most prominent air pollutant in Chinese cities and it is also the main component of Air Quality Index (AQI). According to the international environmental protection organization, in 2015, the PM2.5 annual average concentration of China’s 366 cities is 50.2 μg/m3. However, 80% of them has not yet reached the China’s ambient air quality standards.
With the development of urbanization and industrialization in China, the ecological environment problem becomes more and more serious, especially for air pollution (Rafiq et al., 2016). Not only severe environmental pollution brings great troubles to people’s ecology, production and living space, but also causes the decline of residents’ health and overall welfare levels and the increases the incidence rate of related diseases. Besides respiratory diseases and cancer, it has also greatly affected the prevalence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (Xu et al., 2013), and has become one of the major threats to people’s health in China (Yang et al., 2013). Air pollution not only brings harm to our body and mind, but also brings inconvenience to our life. The smog in January 2013 affected 1.4 million square kilometers of our country and brought adverse effects to more than 800 million people (Xu et al., 2013). Meanwhile, environmental pollution has also increased the expenditure burdens, exerting adverse effects on economic and social development. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the Chinese government invested as much as 3.4 trillion yuan in environmental protection (Xu et al., 2013), accounting for 1.4% of Gross Domestic Product.