A classic definition of BL notes that it is a combination of FTF and online learning (Sharma, 2010). This definition, however, is less precise in the current study as some classes were simultaneously given online and FTF via web conferencing tools due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For lack of a better definition, BL in this study refers to a fusion of real-time FTF learning and self-paced online learning. Resembling the model outlined in Alowedi (2020) and the third fully-online model described in Cleveland-Innes and Wilton (2018), the blend combines synchronous learning and interaction via virtual classroom spaces, independent learning on MOOC platforms, and self-paced learning of course materials uploaded to a learning management system (LMS).