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Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) implies a concern with the ways in which HRM is crucial to business performance and organizational effectiveness. Miller (1987) defines Strategic Human Resource Management practice as the decisions and actions, which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business towards sustaining competitive advantage. Cascio (2006) defines the concept of human resource strategy by the set of policies and programs a firm uses to meet its strategic business plan.
In the SHRM the quantitative information may come from a predictive model of numbers of employees in a hierarchical system of human resources, (Belhaj & Tkiouat 2013), whereas the qualitative information consists of the analysis of the current situation of the organization management in terms of its internal strengths and weaknesses, and of its external opportunities and threats.
Lengnick-Hall et al (2009) presented the evolutionary and chronological perspective on the development of SHRM literature and they trace how the field has evolved to its current state. they emphasized that initial studies were focused on finding ways to achieve a fit between HR activities and desired strategic outcomes, later in the 1990s the directions were about expanding the scope of SHRM to try to outstrip the conventional boundaries, latest trends concerning methodological issues and measuring outcomes of SHRM have gained attention in the achievement and implementation of HR systems.
Way and Johnson (2005) theorized about the impact of strategic human resource management, they generated prescriptive SHRM models that can accurately explicate and evaluate the linkages among organizational strategies. Tichy et al (1982) defined that there are three management levels namely: strategic (long-term), managerial (medium-term) and operational (short-term), the author views that the HR functions performed at the strategic management level are SHRM. Sinha et al (2014) found that role efficacy is one of the factors that influence employee engagement, motivation and attrition. Their study concerned the level of role efficacy in IT companies. Colomo-Palacios et al (2014) presented a tool based on applied intelligence techniques that forecast and anticipate competence needs.
Now days there still divergence between research and practice in the field of HRM. DeNisi et al (2014) proposed a model of the forces leading to that divergence that deal with forces operating on both researchers and managers to better understand the divergence and so to come to suggestions for how to bring the two sides back together.