A Framework for Understanding Asian Nations' Perspectives in Social Research: Epistemology of the South

Introduction

In a world increasingly interconnected yet divided by disparities in knowledge and power, the ”Epistemology of the South” emerges as a compelling framework to understand the diverse ways of knowing that exist beyond the dominant Western paradigms. This chapter is indeed a sharing of ancient wisdom which, in the western canon unseen, obsolete and hence, this is an attempt of restoring and reviving these lost traditions and epistemological perspectives arising from Asian nations, particularly within the ambit of social research ethics. It is an exploration into how these nations, with their rich histories and complex socio-political landscapes, contribute to a more inclusive and holistic understanding of knowledge. At the heart of this discussion is the concept of the “Epistemology of the South,” a term coined by De Souza Santos that is radical turn to challenge the Eurocentric ontologies and epistemology that is the theory of knowledge and to bring forth the voices and experiences traditionally marginalized or silenced, in effect, the voice of the Global South (de Sousa Santos, 2015; 2016). This has thus become a framework that recognizes that knowledge is not a monopoly of the West and that the Global South, particularly Asian nations, offers invaluable insights shaped by their historical, cultural, and political experiences. The chapter starts by discussing the relevance of the Epistemology of the South, highlighting its significance in the context of globalization, where diverse perspectives are essential for addressing complex global challenges. This leads to an examination of why Asian nations are particularly pivotal within this framework. Their experiences of colonialism, struggles for independence, rapid economic changes and unique cultural heritages offer a rich tapestry of knowledge and perspectives. These experiences are not just footnotes in global epistemology but are central to understanding the complexities of the modern world.

Linking this discussion to ethical considerations in social research, the chapter emphasizes the importance of incorporating these diverse epistemologies into research methodologies. It argues for an ethical imperative to recognize and integrate these diverse ways of knowing, ensuring that social research is not only inclusive but also reflective of the pluralities and realities of Asian societies. This integrative approach promises to enrich social research ethics, making it more responsive to the needs and contexts of the diverse populations it seeks to understand and serve. The introduction sets the stage for the subsequent sections: a deeper into the historical contexts, the impact of colonial legacies, the resurgence of local epistemologies, and the nuances of ethical implications these hold for social research in Asia. This exploration is thus not just an academic exercise but a necessary step towards a more equitable and genuinely global understanding of knowledge and ethics in social research. The following section explores the concept of the epistemology of the south and its relevance.