Abstract
In this section, the re-skilling approach, which is applied to adapt to different and newly emerging job positions as a result of high technology and innovation initiatives, is discussed in this age, where the human factor has gained importance and awareness and moved into Industry 4.0. In order to understand the approach, first of all, the definition of reskilling employment and the importance of this approach are mentioned. Then, the changes in employment with this approach and the policies and strategies aimed at the approach were examined. Finally, the effects of this approach in the Turkish industrial sector have been discussed to make an inference for the industrial sector, where re-skilling is of great importance, and for the economies that are advancing towards industrialization. As a result of all this information and examination, policies for re-skilling global employment were evaluated and policy recommendations were made for Turkey and countries that are trying to industrialize.
TopIntroduction
Countries that encounter different innovations every time with great innovation and technological structuring have to develop new ideas, products, production processes, and economic formations to maintain their development and provide a competitive advantage. This necessity primarily affects the investment policies of countries for the development of new ideas. Therefore, in the changing world of production, human capital investments are in a priority position over other production factors to learn and implement an innovation that needs to be developed. In this respect, countries act with the awareness of refreshing and developing the qualifications of the workforce to respond and keep up with the innovations of the changing world. As a matter of fact, the existence of countries develops in direct proportion with the knowledge they have gained, supported by capital and adapted to the production and export process.
Among the sectors, the sector where innovation and a qualified labor force are most needed is the industrial sector. Because it is an element that is increasingly needed as an element that increases productivity and income in both micro and macro economic performance of countries and sectors that benefit from innovation potential. Especially in production that includes high added value production, innovation is very effective in gaining competitive advantage as well as production. In this respect, the importance of reskilling in order to increase the impact of innovation in the industrial sector and to develop new inventions becomes evident. Eliminating the deficiencies in the workforce with new positions developed and created within the scope of innovation necessitates re-skilling (Chakma and Chaijinda, 2020, p.24; Feldman, 2004, p.3). It is necessary to equip the sector, which includes high-income groups in terms of added value, with innovations and to re-skill the workforce to develop innovations. Therefore, raising the awareness of the skilled and unskilled workforce working in the industrial sector through applied and theoretical training processes for the innovative developments of the era encourages an inevitable investment. Particularly as a result of the development of Industry 4.0, the sector, which has been dragged into a rapid digitalization structure, has greatly affected the sectoral distribution of countries, their areas of specialization, workforce, competitiveness, commercial activities, and the redistribution of educational programs.
In today's world of radical economic change caused by new ideas and knowledge, the relationship between the human factor underlying this change and economic structuring, the requalification of the workforce with the emerging innovative activities, and the investigation of how employment will be affected in this cycle are important in terms of the policies and strategies that countries will implement in economic change and structuring. Within the scope of this importance, to obtain a specific result this section, it is aimed to determine the development of reskilling in the Turkish industrial sector and its impact on the industrial economy. For this purpose, firstly, after giving information about the definition and importance of reskilling, it is aimed to evaluate the effect, advantages, and disadvantages of reskilling approach on employment. After the general structure of the reskilling policy was introduced, the application of this approach in the global industry sector and its applications in the Turkish industry sector, and the explanation with statistical data formed the basis of the main objective.
The study will gain a specific quality in Turkey, which is in the process of industrialization, and in the industrial sector of Turkey, where high qualifications are needed. This study, conducted on the industrial sector that provides a high income opportunity with added value, will focus on the skill elements and initiatives needed by the sector. In this way, by obtaining information about the initiatives, policies, current situation, and industrial economy applied for the qualification of employment in the industrialization process of the country, policymakers, companies operating in the sector, educators, and the workforce will be able to make predictions about the deficiencies, inefficiencies, and errors that occur in the development of sectoral employment. At the same time, it will be able to provide ideas in terms of activities to be implemented in the re-skilling of employment by developing and industrializing countries. As a result of the study, reskilling policies implemented in the industry will be evaluated on a global and Turkish basis, policy recommendations will be made and priorities in the macro scope will be determined.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Global Crisis: It is a crisis that emerged in America in 2008 and then affected the world economy.
Developing Countries: They are countries that have not yet completed their industrialization.
Re-Skilling Policies: They are initiatives implemented by institutions, organizations and governments to increase the quality of the workforce.
Industrial Sector: The field of economic activity in which final and multiple production is carried out with the use of machinery, tools, equipment and production factors, including information-based production.
Innovation: Innovation is any novelty, invention and creativity that contributes to economic activities.
Industry 4.0: Industry 4.0 is the equipping of industry with information technologies. It is the last of the industrial revolutions.
Re-Skilling: It is the development of the skills of the entire workforce that is or will be employed and qualification by teaching new skills.