As the phenomenon of digitalisation leads to diverse consequences through rapid and transformative change, it is important for entrepreneurs to be ready for sustainable innovations and identify emerging opportunities in the business world. Business models in entrepreneurship are faced with a major transformation from single new developments to completely digital environments with digitalisation. Besides the creation of new businesses from the opportunities contributed by digitalisation, available branchs and businesses establish “digital entrepreneurship” as a new type of entrepreneurial activity by transfer from offline commerce to online business (Kraus, Palmer, Kailer, Kallinger, & Spitzer, 2019: 354).
Key elements of entrepreneurship to overcome the Covid-19 crisis include innovation, risk-taking and being active in the market (Ratten, 2020: 508). Initially, entrepreneurship was adversely affected by Covid-19 as with other economic factors. Although many businesses did not survive after the significant decline in demand, there were businesses that turned this situation into an opportunity (Galindo-Martín, Castaño-Martínez, & Méndez-Picazo, 2021: 345-346). In addition to the importance of being practical and taking risks in the market, the innovativeness of the initiatives create a sustainability both for the time of the pandemic and after.
Entrepreneurship
People need land, labour and capital to produce goods and services that maintain and enhance their lives. But land, labour and capital produce nothing until they are activately employed. They need to be guided and focused by an entrepreneurial mind to create value. Entrepreneurship is the unseen factor of production as a dynamic process that adds value to society, business and the environment (Butler, 2020: 5; Kuratko, O'Connor & Frederick, 2018: 10). Entrepreneurship, in its most general form, is the ability to sort resources to capture new business opportunities. Entrepreneurship, defined in this broad sense, is central to the functioning of market economies (OECD, 1998: 11,41). Entrepreneurship itself is a “meta-economic” event that deeply affects and shapes the economy without being a part of the economy (Drucker, 1985: 13).
Entrepreneurship creates an environment that enables more entrepreneurship (Holcombe, 1998: 51). There must exist two conditions to development of entrepreneuship: freedom –freedom to establish an economic initiative, and freedom to be creative and innovative with this initiative- and prosperity –the convenient economic conditions that give an entrepreneurial organization the opportunity to gain and grow (Dollinger, 2008: 12).
Tekin (2019), divided entrepreneurship into two as traditional and contemporary. While dividing the traditional types of entrepreneurship into subheadings as (1) original entrepreneurship, (2) intrapreneurship, (3) corporate entrepreneurship, (4) entrepreneurial entrepreneurship, (5) professional entrepreneurship, (6) opportunity entrepreneurship, (7) follower entrepreneurship, (8) public entrepreneurship, (9) creative entrepreneurship and (10) strategic entrepreneurship. Tekin (2019), also listed the current types of entrepreneurship as (1) women's entrepreneurship, (2) social entrepreneurship, (3) virtual entrepreneurship, (4) technological (techno) entrepreneurship, (5) environmentalist (eco) entrepreneurship, and (6) academic entrepreneurship (Tekin, 2019). Digital entrepreneurship, which is growing rapidly in its field, creates a confusion in academic research with its dynamic terminology. For instance, at the beginning of the field in 2000-2001, it was called 'internet entrepreneurship', around 2004 it was called e- and cyber entrepreneurship, while now digital entrepreneurship is used (Zaheer, Breyer, & Dumay, 2019). Tajvidi, R., & Tajvidi, M. (2021), aimed to explore cyber entrepreneurship in the food industry and the opportunities it offers for entrepreneurs in epidemics such as Covid-19 in their studies. They wrote this entrepreneurship, which has emerged as a new genre in the digital age, using the concept of cyber entrepreneurship. Accordingly, even if titles are given with different names in the literature, the same concepts are mentioned in the content of the studies.