Abstract
This chapter examines the role of project-based learning (PBL) in fostering students' critical thinking skills. By providing both theoretical foundations and practical insights, the chapter explores how PBL can create meaningful connections and enhance students' preparedness for the future. The authors emphasize key strategies employed in PBL, including active and differentiated learning, collaborative group work, critical thinking skills, and research and investigation. These strategies empower students to tackle real-world problems and challenges, enabling them to develop their critical thinking abilities. Throughout the chapter, the authors highlight the importance of PBL as an approach that promotes deeper learning and equips students with the skills needed to navigate the complexities of the world around them.
TopBackground
Basic Characteristics of Project-Based Learning
The effectiveness of teaching methods has been studied by researchers around the globe, such as Iwamoto, Hargis, and Voung (2016) and Irembere (2019). According to these studies, PBL is one teaching method that benefits students' performance in the classroom. PBL promotes learner-centeredness, active learning techniques, and encourages meaningful tasks that lead to problem-solving, critical thinking, and decision making (Chen, 2019). As highlighted by Cabral and Nobre (2015), many schoolteachers report a preference for focusing on the final product and often assign homework to students because they believe that carrying out such tasks in the classroom is time-consuming (Abdallah & Farhan, 2023).
Different key characteristics of PBL activities have been identified by educational researchers, who have shared their diverse opinions on the subject. For instance, Stoller (2002) and Giri (2016) highlight the following features of PBL:
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PBL focuses on real-world subject matter, which captures students' interest and relevance to their lives.
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PBL is a learner-centered teaching method, where the teacher assumes the role of a guide and facilitator to support students throughout the process.
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Collaborative skills are developed through PBL, as students work in small groups, sharing ideas, and collaborating on tasks. Simultaneously, students also have opportunities to work independently and foster their own sense of autonomy.
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PBL activities are designed around the integration of real-life tasks, providing students with authentic learning experiences.
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The emphasis in PBL is not solely on the final product but also on the process of working towards the completion of the project. This process is valued for its developmental aspects.
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PBL is known for its motivational and engaging nature. The outcomes of project work are not only rewarding but also contribute to improving students' self-esteem. Additionally, PBL helps students develop language skills, critical thinking abilities, and collaboration skills, as mentioned earlier.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Authentic Assessment: An evaluation method that measures students' abilities to apply their knowledge and skills in meaningful, real-world contexts. It goes beyond traditional tests and exams, focusing on performance-based tasks, portfolios, and demonstrations of understanding, providing a more comprehensive picture of students' critical thinking abilities.
Critical Thinking: The ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information in a thoughtful and logical manner. It involves questioning assumptions, considering multiple perspectives, and making reasoned judgments, enabling individuals to solve complex problems and make informed decisions.
Inquiry-Based Learning: An approach to learning that encourages students to ask questions, investigate, and explore topics of interest. It promotes active engagement, curiosity, and critical thinking as students seek answers, gather evidence, and draw conclusions through their own inquiry process.
Project-Based Learning (PBL): An instructional approach where students engage in authentic, real-world projects to apply their knowledge and skills. PBL emphasizes active learning, problem-solving, and collaboration, fostering critical thinking and creativity.