A circular economy (also referred to as “circularity”) is an economic system that tackles global challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution. Most linear economy businesses take a natural resource and turn it into a product that is ultimately destined to become waste because it has been designed and made. This process is often summarised by “take, make, waste.” By contrast, a circular economy uses reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing, and recycling to create a closed-loop system, minimize resource inputs, and create waste, pollution, and carbon emissions. The circular economy aims to keep products, materials, equipment, and infrastructure in use for longer, thus improving the productivity of these resources. Waste materials and energy should become input for other processes through waste valorization: either as a component or recovered resource for another industrial process or as regenerative resources for nature (e.g., compost). This regenerative approach contrasts with the traditional linear economy, which has a “take, make, dispose of” production model.
Published in Chapter:
Structure of Gas-Exporting Countries Forum: Heterogeneity of Members and Their Ranking Criteria in Influencing the Global Gas Market
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 19
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5109-0.ch011
Abstract
The main focus of the studies, which have been conducted mainly by experts from gas-consuming countries, is to evaluate and measure the impact of this forum on the price of natural gas in the main consumer markets. Unfortunately, the issue of homogeneity or heterogeneity of members and the role that this issue can play in the success of the policies and goals of this organization has received less attention. In this chapter, the authors first show the heterogeneity of members and then, with the help of appropriate indicators, rank member countries in influencing policies and achieving the goals of the assembly in the short, medium, and long term. Based on the presented indicators, it can be concluded that Russia, Qatar, and Algeria are the countries that play the most important role in influencing the policies of the assembly in the short and medium-term, while Russia, Qatar, and Iran, respectively, are three influential members in the long-term policies of the assembly.