What is Fill Factor (FF)

After the breakthrough of conducting polymers, an incredible interest has been paid to integrate them in electronic component fabrication as an alternative to metals. Polyaniline is the most extensively studied material due to the ease of synthesis, better environmental stability, and enormous scope to modify its properties for solar cell applications. The electrical conductivity of PANI can be altered according to the need for the application where electronic devices made of conducting polymer composites are significantly dependent on the dielectric properties of the materials. Therefore, this chapter has been dedicated to the low-frequency AC conduction and dielectric studies of conducting PANI followed by having PANI thin films as efficient donor or acceptor bulk heterojunction layer to the hybrid solar cells.