Qubit or quantum bit is a unit of computing information that is represented by a state of an atom or elementary particle (such as the spin ) and can store multiple values at once due to the principles of quantum mechanics . In quantum computing the information is encoded in qubits. A qubit is a two-level quantum system where the two basis qubit states are usually written as |0? and |1?. A qubit can be in state |0?, |1? or (unlike a classical bit) in a linear combination of both states.
Published in Chapter:
Hidden Treasures of Semiconducting Materials for Quantum Computing: An Upcoming Fortune for Supercomputing
Dillip Kumar Pattanayak (GIET University, India), Arun Kumar Padhy (GIET University, India), Lokesh Kumar Prusty (GIET University, India), Ranjan Kumar Bhuyna (Government College, Anugul, India), and Samita Pattanayak (Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswa, India)
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9183-3.ch009
Abstract
Quantum computing is based on physical materials. The choice of material is important, and semiconductor materials have become a widely trailed choice in recent years. A lot of initial research into quantum computing only manifested that it could operate at temperatures close to absolute zero. However, because semiconductors are now used in the construct of these systems, it has enabled researchers to utilize quantum computers in room temperature conditions. This is one of the major reasons why quantum computing is close to commercial realization, so the role played by semiconductors is of major importance. It is true that the implementation of semiconductors has been challenging in its own way. Many semiconducting materials can exhibit many quantum degrees of freedom, and this causes the qubits to interact with each and decode quickly. Here the authors try to project a systematic study of different semiconducting materials used for quantum computing.