Abstract
The chapter is devoted to the study of ecosystems for scaling startups in the United States, the European Union, and Russia. It is shown that the elements of the ecosystem are universities, government agencies, large corporations, financial and scientific organizations. To create an ecosystem, coordination and interaction of all elements is necessary. This is achieved by organizing technoparks. When forming an ecosystem for scaling startups in Russia, both the positive experience of other countries and the established structure of scientific activity in Russia were used. Therefore, a study was conducted on the organization of Russian technoparks from 1990 to 2023. Attention is paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of technoparks. Currently, the ecosystem is being formed both at the state level and in large companies. As an example, the ecosystems of such companies as Beber, Tinkoff, VTB, Yandex, and Skolkovo are considered.
TopBackground
Currently, scientists from around the world are researching different aspects related to creation, funding, and organisation of startups. Between 2018 and 2022, about 39,000 articles on startups have been published worldwide. We will only focus on a part of the published studies. In their study, Anokhin and Schulze (2009) draw attention to the ability of the state to create trust and demand compliance with laws and trade rules. Controlling corruption fosters innovation and entrepreneurship in a country. All of these contribute to the creation of a startup ecosystem.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Business Accelerator: Organises training programmes for young entrepreneurs and provides financial and expert support in exchange for a share in the company's charter capital.
Business Incubator: A body that helps young entrepreneurs at all stages of a start-up: from creation to bringing a new product to market.
Dotcom Boom: Occurred between 1995 and 2001. Since 1995, there has been simultaneous growth in the shares of Internet companies and growth in the number of Internet companies against the background of active advertising support. But on 10 March 2000, the NASDAQ index reached 5,132.52 points (daily peak) during trading and fell by more than one and a half times at the close. All this led to a wave of bankruptcies of Internet companies and a drop in server prices.
Digital Maturity: An indicator of the level of digitalisation of regional executive authorities, local self-government, organisations in the social sphere, and the development of public transport based on domestic IT solutions.
Startup: A commercial project designed for quick return on investment and profit.
Monoline: a credit institution specializing in one type of banking services.
Technological Park Resident: A legal entity or an individual entrepreneur who implements a commercial technical project (startup) on the territory of the technological park. It uses the buildings, equipment and services provided by the technological park.
Engel Coefficient: The proportion of income that the population of a region spends on food.
Unicorn Company: A startup with a market value of $1bn.