The threat of climate change is due to increasing carbon emissions of manufacturing production and transportation. Currently, Government is encouraging manufacturing to reduce carbon emission and conducting Low Carbon Supply Chain Management (LCSCM). In order to solve greenhouse gas emission dilemma, LCSCM is essential for manufacturing firm's stakeholders. Supply chain partners are expected to know the proper measurement of emissions to solve this problem. This study aim is to review literature on how to measure LCSCM. In the past, the concept of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is practiced to promote and reduce environmental risks. However, GSCM is a driver or practice to achieve environmental outcome. The extended model of GSCM has currently practices in LCSCM through Carbon Footprint (CF) concept. In other word, LCSCM is an outcome that both researcher interests and practitioner persuades.
TopBackground
As LCSCM is recently growing in importance, scholars and practitioners have started to put more interest in measuring carbon emission. In the literature, there are many scholars focusing on carbon emission measurement methods but lack of empirical data (Lee, 2011). Scholars then shift their focus in developing measurement methods and model to help practitioners to record and measure their carbon emissions using data generation (Bai, Sarkis, Wei, & Koh, 2012; Schmidt, 2009). However, there are also a few studies done by scholars using real firm or industrial data (Burnett, 2011; Cadarso, Gómez, López, & Tobarra, 2016; Lee, 2012; Nakajima, Kimura, & Wagner, 2014; Palak et al., 2014; Pelletier, Ibarburu, & Xin, 2013; Rahman & Khondaker, 2012; Tsai, Lin, Hwang, & Huang, 2014; Yusuf et al., 2013; Zhao, Neighbour, Han, McGuire, & Deutz, 2012; Zubelzu & Álvarez, 2015). Yet, the difficulty to get real data have seen many scholars using qualitative studies to measure LCSCM (Dadhich, Genovese, Kumar, & Acquaye, 2014; Dayaratne & Gunawardana, 2015; Gopalakrishnan, Yusuf, Musa, Abubakar, & Ambursa, 2012; Lee, 2012; Pueyo, 2013).