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What is Fluorosis

Chapter 13
Effects of Emerging Chemical Contaminants on Water Resources and Environmental Health
Permanent demineralization of bones and teeth.
Published in Chapter:
Fabrication of Metal Oxide-Biopolymer Nanocomposite for Water Defluoridation
Dickson Mubera Andala (Multimedia University of Kenya, Kenya), Erick Mobegi (Kenyatta University, Kenya), Mildred Nawiri (Kenyatta University, Kenya), and Geoffrey Otieno (Technical University of Kenya, Kenya)
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 30
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1871-7.ch013
Abstract
Fluoride contamination in groundwater affects about 150 million people worldwide. In this study, the authors focused on synthesizing biopolymer metal oxide nanocomposite for fluoride removal. Nanocomposite material was done using SEM. As(V), Al, Ti, Zr, and Fe water samples were analysed by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). Fluoride level was determined using the standard method – Ion-Selective Electrode method. Preliminary results indicate arsenic (V) removal was below the 10 ppb and fluoride less than 1.5 ppm as prescribed by WHO. The removal efficiency was after 60-70 minutes with recyclability of 11 cycles. The nanocomposite worked well in all pH ranges 6.5-8.5. A filter cartridge biopolymer metal oxide nanocomposite constituting of template aluminium homogenized in the aggregated network of chitosan was developed as an adsorbent for fluoride from the water with better adsorption limit.
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