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What is Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

Chapter 11
Principles and Applications of Narrowband Internet of Things (NBIoT)
Non-revenue water are those components of system input volume which are not billed and do not produce revenue, i.e. notrevenue water. It is equal to unbilled authorized consumption plus real losses and apparent losses. It is a component in the IWA Standard Water Balance.
Published in Chapter:
NB-IoT-Based Smart Water Network
Ramasamy Srinivasan (Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia), Sultan Feisso (Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia), and Muluneh Mekonen (Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia)
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 28
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch011
Abstract
Water leakage is a common problem that often results in water waste, damages, and hazards to public health. Because of their potential danger to public health, economic loss, environmental damage, and energy waste, underground water pipelines leaks have received more attention globally. One of the great concerns in the water industry is the existence of non-revenue water (NRW), which is produced but fails to reach the consumer due to loss along the distribution network. The global volume of NRW has been calculated to be 346 million cubic meters per day or 126 billion cubic meters per year. The non-revenue water reaches an alarming 35%. The installation of right sensors, a feasible radio network and the effective processing of gathered information by ICT in the water distribution network helps to reduce non-revenue water volumes at various stages. This chapter justifies the use of NB-IoT to manage smart water networks.
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Chapter 5
Water Demand Management and Household Level Metering in Low-Income Areas of Urban Africa
The proportion of produced water that is not billed to users because it is lost due to leakages or to illegal connections.
Published in Chapter: Water Demand Management and Household Level Metering in Low-Income Areas of Urban Africa; From: Handbook of Research on Resource Management and the Struggle for Water Sustainability in Africa
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