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What is Holarchy

Chapter 19
Handbook of Research on Visual Computing and Emerging Geometrical Design Tools
Following the concept of ‘Holon’, a Holarchy is defined by Koestler (1968) as the hierarchy of orders created by Holons. This hierarchy is described by Funch (1995), and Fraz and Linz (n.d.) AU86: The in-text citation "Fraz and Linz (n.d.)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. as a branching pattern where the Holons become the nodes of it. These Holons on any level, starting from the basic part to the final resultant whole, can be studied as independent finite entities which establish an order and create the Holon on the level above. Thus, each respective level is interdependent on the level above as well as level below, which calls for maintaining coherence in the resultant structure. Moreover, Koestler (1968) has derived specific behavioural attributes of the Holarchy, which in turn govern the attribute of the final whole.
Published in Chapter:
The Pattern of Repetition and the Quest for Creativity
Manalee Sunil Nanavati (Oxford Brookes University, UK)
Copyright: © 2016 |Pages: 27
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0029-2.ch019
Abstract
A common application of parametric design is observed in the field of generative processes. Offering the possibility of incorporation of variety along with multiplicity, parametric has presented new ways of creatively employing such repetitive patterns. However, the application of this creativity is often restricted up to formal characteristics, with a complete neglect of perceptual qualities of the composed space. In this reference, the chapter primarily questions whether creativity is only applicable to the formal attributes of the repetitive pattern in parametric design; and further aims to examine how parametric design can undertake a repetitive pattern to simultaneously achieve remarkable creativity in its formal as well as perceptual attributes. This aim is addressed here by proposing a particular approach of assemblage; an approach that can enable the designer to visualise the constant interaction between organizational qualities and perceptual qualities of the composition; and in turn to achieve the desired attribute of the compositional whole.
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Chapter 405
The Holon/Parton Structure of the Meme, or The Unit of Culture
Koestler defines a holarchy as a hierarchy of self-regulating holons (Koestler, 1967, p. 103). Holarchies function according to the three laws of holarchies - which are also three laws of evolution in Systems Theory (see Laszlo, 1972 , pp. 55-118, 176-180) - namely: (1) competition and/or cooperation (and/or co-opetition), ‘sideways’ with other holon/partons on the same level; (2) integration upwards, into the larger holon/parton on the level ‘above’; and (3) control and command of holon/partons on the level ‘below’ (Koestler, 1964, 1967, 1978).
Published in Chapter: The Holon/Parton Structure of the Meme, or The Unit of Culture; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition
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