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What is Gini Coefficient

Chapter 20
Handbook of Research on Chaos and Complexity Theory in the Social Sciences
Gini coefficient, the most general method for measuring the income distribution, was developed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini. Gini coefficient summarizes the income distribution measured according to Lorenz Curve with a figure. The coefficient is the division of area between the Lorenz Curve and the line of perfect equality (A) by the area which lies beneath the line of equality (A+B). G= A÷A+B
Published in Chapter:
Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficient and the Income Inequality in Turkey in the Last 13 Years
Sema Bölükbaş (Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey)
Copyright: © 2016 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0148-0.ch020
Abstract
Today income inequality and poverty are among highly disputed issues all over the world. It has been well understood that this problem can not be solved only with economic growth. Some social policy implementations conducive to redistribute the national income are essential to create a decrease in social and eceonomic inequalities. This is also true for Turkey. In last decade Turkey has managed high growth rates, budget discipline and improved some basic public services. As a result, absolute poverty rates decreased considerably. Although Turkey's welfare regime is going through a serious transformation process with effect of EU accession process, these policies have not been able to reduce relative poverty rates and income inequalities. Consequently Turkey's last decade is marked by high gini coefficients and income inequalities. It is obvious that there is a great need to develop a welfare regime which is able to establish a more fair income distribution.
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Chapter 6
Left-Wing Extremism From the Indian Perspective: An Econometric Interpretation
In economics, the Gini coefficient sometimes called Gini index, or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measurement of inequality.
Published in Chapter: Left-Wing Extremism From the Indian Perspective: An Econometric Interpretation; From: Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web
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Chapter 19
The Economic Anomie and Crime in Turkey
A measurement tool that shows how balanced or unbalanced the income is distributed to the members of the society.
Published in Chapter: The Economic Anomie and Crime in Turkey; From: Handbook of Research on Cyber Approaches to Public Administration and Social Policy
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Chapter 9
Digital Economy Transformation in Nexus With External and Social Sustainability: The Indonesian Experience
A measure of the distribution of income across a population to measure inequality. Higher Gini Coefficient means higher inequality.
Published in Chapter: Digital Economy Transformation in Nexus With External and Social Sustainability: The Indonesian Experience; From: Handbook of Research on Green, Circular, and Digital Economies as Tools for Recovery and Sustainability
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Chapter 25
Quality of Life in the Republic of North Macedonia Seen Through the Human Development Indicators
The Gini coefficient measures the distribution of income in a society. The value of the coefficient can range from 0 to 100, where 0 means total equality, and 100 means total inequality. The higher the coefficient of 0, the more unequal the distribution of income is present in society.
Published in Chapter: Quality of Life in the Republic of North Macedonia Seen Through the Human Development Indicators; From: Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy
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Chapter 3
Measurement of Economic and Banking Stability in Emerging Markets by Considering Income Inequality and Nonperforming Loans
It is an aggregate numerical aggregate measure about income equality whose values are ranging from 0 to 1.
Published in Chapter: Measurement of Economic and Banking Stability in Emerging Markets by Considering Income Inequality and Nonperforming Loans; From: Maintaining Financial Stability in Times of Risk and Uncertainty
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Chapter 5
On Health Expenditure and Income Inequality
Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure, wealth or education) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. A Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. (World Bank Indicator Code: SI.POV.GINI )
Published in Chapter: On Health Expenditure and Income Inequality; From: Multidimensional Perspectives and Global Analysis of Universal Health Coverage
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Chapter 1
China's Economic Growth and Innovation in Globalization
A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measurement of inequality.
Published in Chapter: China's Economic Growth and Innovation in Globalization; From: Foreign Business in China and Opportunities for Technological Innovation and Sustainable Economics
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Chapter 3
If We Build It, Will They Come?: An Appreciation of the Microfoundations of E-Government
The Gini Coefficient is a measure of inequality, usually income inequality. It measures the difference between a diagonal line and the Lorenz Curve. A Gini coefficient of zero is perfect equality while a Gini coefficient of one is perfect inequality.
Published in Chapter: If We Build It, Will They Come?: An Appreciation of the Microfoundations of E-Government; From: Handbook of Research on Democratic Strategies and Citizen-Centered E-Government Services
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Chapter 8
Personal Income Taxation and Its Effects on Economic Development and Growth
An economic indicator describing the difference between the income and welfare of the poor and the rich in the society. The “0” value shows a full equal standing, and the “1” value shows absolute lack of equal standing.
Published in Chapter: Personal Income Taxation and Its Effects on Economic Development and Growth; From: Bridging Microeconomics and Macroeconomics and the Effects on Economic Development and Growth
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Chapter 8
Convergence and Equality of Road Infrastructure: A Cross Country Analysis
The Gini co-efficient or index is a mathematical device used to compare income distributions, besides other variables like wealth, consumption, infrastructure, etc. over time and across economies or regions. The Gini co-efficient can be used in conjunction with the Lorenz curve. It is calculated by comparing the area under the Lorenz curve and the area from the 45 0 line to the right hand and the horizontal axis. Alternatively, it can be quantified by the taking into account the summation of absolute differences of all pairs of the concerned variable which is normalized by dividing by both population squared (so there are ‘n’ square number of such pairs) and by mean. If the computed value of G is equal to one then it is said that there is extreme inequality or Absolute Inequality and if G is equal to zero then it is the notion of Absolute Equality. Higher value of G implies greater inequality among the countries.
Published in Chapter: Convergence and Equality of Road Infrastructure: A Cross Country Analysis; From: Handbook of Research on Global Indicators of Economic and Political Convergence
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