What is Modified European Model (MEM) of PhD

Establishing European model PhD programs in HyFlex virtual learning environments allows professors to construct a course of study utilizing the community of inquiry that matures students from graduate students to scholars and researchers. Relying heavily on teaching presence at the start, students move into reliance on their cohort (social presence) while developing their thinking, researching, and writing skills through an interpretive task model from which they develop the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to succeed at the doctoral level in their disciplines. This chapter presents best practices in establishing effective cohorts to develop graduate students into scholars in their chosen fields of study by using the European model of a PhD program and the community of inquiry framework.