What is Program Articulation

This chapter attempts to categorise the international Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) based on the International Branch Campus (IBC) establishments with the application of both the Institution Distance on risk consideration as well as the Uppsala Model of internationalisation. As the establishment of an IBC involves a sequence of incremental decisions to be made by a foreign HEI, this chapter reveals such decision-making processes, especially on the rationale and risk considerations for establishing an IBC, and proposes a modified institutional distance to synergise with the Uppsala model. Much of the data have been gathered from an in depth literature search. The purpose of this chapter is to provide university leaders, economic strategists, policy makers, entrepreneurs, practitioners and decision-makers within HEIs consider the risk reduction strategies that are practiced by other HEIs before embarking on establishing an IBC in a foreign country.