What is SMART Principles

Management models are determinant for business, such as academies. The aim of the chapter is to study the application of strategic, performance and competency management models in higher education. The design used is a narrative review on strategic, performance, and competence management models. Papers and/or chapters were conveniently selected without time restrictions. The results show that strategic models are based on the development and implementation of strategies, followed by their evaluation and control. Performance models are based on the accountability and improvement of services/organizations, and workers' roles. Competency models describe workers' behaviors and skills. Besides the evaluation of workers/organization performance, strategic models should incorporate competence management evaluations. However, the number of studies on the present topic is scarce. Further studies are needed, such as systematic reviews and meta-analysis. This review was carried out by just one author. Empirical research and inferential methods were not applied.