What is Blended Online Teaching and Learning

The long-term worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to regular school operations around the world, and online education has become the temporary solution from primary to higher education. Since 2020, researchers have learned that this situation has instigated various challenges to teachers, who have been on the front line fighting to continue education. However, there is not yet a global investigation from which to derive generalizable solutions that could contribute to ensuring educational continuity during school closures. Consequently, this chapter investigated the challenges teachers have faced during the pandemic by analyzing research studies from around the world. Using the method of literature review and the framework of thematic analysis, the authors identified practical solutions based on firsthand insights from 15,054 teachers. The chapter summarized eight types of major challenges to teachers in three broad categories and presented three recommendations for a more crisis-prepared education community.