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What is Transparency

Handbook of Research on Transnational Higher Education
This dimension intends to make the entire competence assessment program visible and comprehensible for all participants. For this reason, it is important that the students/learners are able to understand the fairness of their assessment, as precisely as their instructors, requiring them to have a complete knowledge of all assessment criteria and their relative weights. For this dimensiondimension, four criteria were considered: democratization, engagement, visibilityvisibility, and impact.
Published in Chapter:
A Conceptual Framework for E-Assessment in Higher Education: Authenticity, Consistency, Transparency, and Practicability
Luís Tinoca (University of Lisbon, Portugal), Alda Pereira (Universidade Aberta, Portugal), and Isolina Oliveira (Universidade Aberta, Portugal)
Copyright: © 2014 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4458-8.ch033
Abstract
The assessment of competences requires an approach where knowledge, abilities, and attitudes are integrated, naturally implying the resource to a variety of assessment strategies. Within this context, we have seen the emergence of what has been called by several authors, the Assessment Culture. Furthermore, Higher Education e-learning environments have also promoted the use of new e-assessment strategies. Therefore, it is important to reconsider the concept of quality assessment in Higher Education online contexts, and particularly how to develop it in the present learning landscapes. In this chapter, the authors present a new conceptual framework for digital assessment in Higher Education supported by four dimensions—authenticity, consistency, transparency, and practicability—each composed by a set of criteria, aimed at promoting the quality of the assessment strategies being used. This framework was developed based on the expansion of the concept of validity supported by edumetric qualities.
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Organizational Transparency
The propriety of disclosing information to the stakeholders that is complete, reliable and understandable.
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On the Alert for Share Price Manipulation and Inadvertent Disclosure in Social Media Channels: An Exploratory Investigation of Nordic Companies
A principle or state whereby investors and other interested parties have equal access to financial information about a company, often complying to standard forms of presentation. One key value is the ability to base investment decisions on the same data as other participants.
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Exploring the Links Between CSR, Good Governance, and Corporate Reputation: A Proposal of Indicators in SMEs
Business transparency seeks to increase trust among those who have a relationship with the company, be it employees, customers, shareholders, or suppliers. Through transparency, the company lets society know how it acts, opening the way to possible criticism or value judgments. The way of transparency is communication, so we must strengthen the company's communication system both internally and externally.
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Toward Smart Heritage: Cultural Challenges in Digital Built Heritage
In computer-based visualization, it consists in the statement of sources and of the degree of reliability of the virtual re-constructions. From a methodological point of view, it makes the digital model testable by other professionals. In the built heritage field, the concept has been developed in archaeology where 3D models are realized to reconstruct ancient configurations. In The London Charter ’s Glossary (2009) AU73: The in-text citation "Glossary (2009)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. , there is a definition of “Intellectual transparency”: It is “The provision of information, presented in any medium or format, to allow users to understand the nature and scope of “knowledge claim” made by a computer-based visualization outcome.”
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ChatGPT and Other Generative AI Tools in Education: Transformative Potential and Ethical Considerations
Making AI algorithms and processes understandable and interpretable, so users can understand how decisions are made.
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Digital Marketing Tools and Market Trends in the Skincare Industry: Consumer Behavior and Sales Growth Insights
The quality of being open, honest, and readily sharing information or actions without concealment or deception.
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Funding Democracy: College Budgets and the Importance of Investing in Civic Engagement
Conducting business and financial transactions overtly to build trust with the public.
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Corruption Levels and Country Cluster: A Comparative Analysis
Openness and accessibility of information, decision-making, and governance processes. It is a key aspect of good governance, and helps to promote accountability, reduce corruption, and build trust between citizens and institutions.
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Forensic Accounting and Corporate Governance
Relates to the clarity of presented data in the financial statements and other forms of auditing reports.
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Privacy and Intimacy Concerns in Digital Marketing: Literature Review
It is the quality of a person or entity to be open and honest in responding to other parties involved in any action or decision, smoothly providing information.
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The Impact of Board Composition on Corporate Strategy in the Arab Region Context: A Case Study From Jordan
Is being open, giving a clear picture and honest in all company communications with all stakeholders.
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Operational Risk Disclosure Practices in Emerging Economies: A Study of Indian Banks
Transparency is defined as the timely disclosure of all the relevant information regarding the operations of the institution for the purpose of accountability to the external stakeholders.
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Performance Indicators and Accountability in Portuguese Public Universities: Socio-Economic Perspective
Disclosure of legal, economic, financial and other information that is relevant for citizens to understand the use of public resources.
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Organizational Transparency
The propriety of disclosing information to the stakeholders that is complete, reliable and understandable.
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The Development of Decentralized Governance Models for Web 3 Ecosystems
The practice of making all choices and activities inside a decentralized network that is open and available to all participants.
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Serendipitous Recommenders for Teachers in Higher Education
It is the knowledge of a user about the working and functioning of the system.
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The Rise of Credit Default Swaps and Its Implications on Financial Stability
Availability of full access to any required financial information such as price, financial reports. it requires timely, meaningful and reliable disclosures.
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The Main Principles of Democracy and Its Role in Global Development
With regard to the GATT the principle that barriers to trade must be visible and thus easy to target.
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Employee Perception of the Effectiveness of Digitalized Performance Management Systems
Transparency refers to the degree of openness allowed to access the information to the employees.
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E-Government for Transparency, Anti-Corruption, and Accountability: Challenges and Opportunities for Central American Countries
The active distribution of information that allows third parties to assess the internal functioning or performance of a governmental organization.
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Blockchain Technology for the Internet of Things Applications in Apparel Supply Chain Management
In a fully permissionless blockchain, all messages (including – when consensus has been reached – when they have been included on a blockchain as blocks) sent by participants are visible to all other participants.
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The Effect of Protection of Personal Information Act No. 4 of 2013 on Research Data Ethics in South Africa
The accuracy of information to enable organizations to make informed decision making and take the right decision.
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Conceptual Framework of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Basic Roots
Means that institutions continue to conduct their activities so as to allow each person involved in the process to have access to the required information.
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Internet Financial Reporting in Local Governments: An Empirical Study in the MERCOSUR Countries
Posture adopted by organizations in the public sector aimed to provide citizens with truly open access to government information.
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Implications of Blockchain Technology- Based Cryptocurrency in the cloud for the Hospitality Industry
In the state of being open, transparent, and easy to understand, this is called transparency. In different situations, transparency means being open, being seen, and making information available to the public or other essential parties. People usually think of this idea as being honest, taking responsibility, and not having any hidden agendas or information that hasn't been shared. In many areas, transparency can help build trust, make decisions more accessible, and encourage people to act honestly.
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Open Challenges and Research Issues of XAI in Modern Smart Cities
The degree to which the decision-making process of an AI system is open and understandable to human users, enabling them to scrutinize and evaluate its outcomes.
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Comparative Analysis of the Codes of Ethics in Top Universities in Romania
An ethical value whose achievement involves providing precise and complete information on the activity of an institution, and on the decisions of the institutions’ representative that could, in any way, affect the public.
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Chinese International Graduate Students' Perceptions of Classroom Assessment at a Canadian University
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The Economic Component of World Politics and the Main Global Social and Economic Problems
About the GATT the principle that trade barriers must be visible and thus easy to target.
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AI and Social Impact: A Review of Current Use Cases and Broader Implications
The ability to see the entire workflow process. An understanding or explain-ability surrounding the decision-making efforts of an algorithm.
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Mastering Electronic Government in the Digital Age
The lack of hidden agendas and conditions, accompanied by the availability of full information required for collaboration, cooperation, and collective decision making.
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TILTing Assignments in In-Major Undergraduate Courses
As part of TILT, emphasizing the rationale behind instructional and/or institutional decision making clearly.
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Transparency and Resource Mobilization in Times of Crisis: An Analysis of the Brazilian Nonprofit Sector
It refers to the way organizational processes are viewed/performed, being a feature intrinsic to all organizational processes.
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Direct Democracy Practices of Local Authorities in Turkey
Capacity of citizens to obtain valid and timely information about the activities of governments.
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Monitoring and Evaluation Leadership Through Technology: The South African Public-Sector Perspective
This term refers to governments commitment to full disclosure of information and remaining open to public scrutiny.
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Disparity in Higher Education and the Need for Equitable Teaching Paradigms and Strategies
The ability of faculty members to inform students of course requirements and allow students to participate in the formulation of the course.
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Reflections on the Accounting Framework of Public Interest Cooperatives in Portugal
Condition of access to all information, open functioning, without secrecy, based on ethical and democratic principles.
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A Proposed Framework for the Disclosure of Credit Risk According to the Basel Agreement and Its Impact on the Financial Reports and the Stability of Banks
Is the extent to which investors have ready access to required financial information about a company, such as price levels, market depth, and audited financial reports.
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Transparency and the Ambient: Evolving Perspectives in Smart Cities
Transparency refers to greater ease in seeing or making visible what is occurring in relation to the physical, digital, and less tangible.
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Narrative Practices in Central Bank Communication
A state of being open, being open to communication and not hiding behind secrecy.
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Employee Development for Organizational Success: The Pressures, the Economics, the Rewards
Open dialog between organization and employees with no hidden agendas and conditions, and free sharing of information.
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ChatGPT in Academic Writing and Publishing: An Overview of Ethical Issues
Being clear about doing scholarly research and reporting its results.
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Determinants of the Readability and Comprehensibility of Risk Disclosures: Evidence From Portuguese Listed Companies
Disclosure of legal, economic, financial, and other information that is relevant for citizens to understand the use of public resources.
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Corporate and Financial Social Leadership in Emerging Markets and the Developing World
Transparent corporate conduct is ensured by governmental legal obligations (e.g., freedom of information legislation), the removal of industrial information transfer barriers, economic incentives, stakeholder campaigns and CSR reporting. Information disclosure will help verify the quality and accuracy of CSR conduct. As the basis for monitoring and benchmarking, transparent CSR information will help identify areas for improvement, grow the confidence of the stakeholder community, and therefore secure investment capital.
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Opportunities and Challenges of Social Media to the Islamic Banks in Indonesia
is an element used in science, engineering, business, the humanities and in other social contexts, operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed.
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Broadening the Concept of Green Marketing: Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
As a principle means that the external impact of the actions of the organization can be ascertained from that organizations’ reporting and pertinent facts are not disguised within that reporting.
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Transparency and Integrity Methods for Public Utilities Systems
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The Importance of Being Honest: Issues of Transparency in Digital Visualization of Architectural Heritage
In computer-based visualization, it consists in the statement of sources and of the degree of reliability of the virtual re-constructions. From a methodological point of view it makes the digital model testable by other professionals. The concept has been developed in the archaeological field where often 3D models are realized to show the configuration of ancient artifacts. In The London Charter’s Glossary (2009) AU82: The in-text citation "Charter’s Glossary (2009)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. , there is a definition of “Intellectual transparency”: “The provision of information, presented in any medium or format, to allow users to understand the nature and scope of “knowledge claim” made by a computer-based visualisation outcome”.
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Adaptive Interfaces in Mobile Environments: An Approach Based on Mobile Agents
Automatic adaptation to specific conditions or circumstances without implicit or explicit intervention from the user, user interface designer or software developer.
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Optimizing Cloud Computing Costs of Services for Consumers
Transparency of a cloud computing service is the ability of the system to provide visibility of the structure and behavior of a process. Transparency leads to consumers’ trust in the supplied service.
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On Visual Computing for Architectural Heritage
Computer-based visualization must be testable by other professionals. The Paradata are useful to explain the philological process of visualization.
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Swimming in the Liquid Age: A Disciplinarily Reflection on Computer-Based Visualization of Architectural Heritage
Computer-based visualization must be testable by other professionals. The Paradata are useful to explain the philological process of visualization.
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Transformational Leadership for Effective Corporate Governance in Public Sector Enterprises: A Malaysian Experience
Comprises the legal, political, and institutional structures that provide information about the internal characteristics of a government and society to stakeholders inside and outside the domestic political system.
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Visibility of the Airport Sector: Web 2.0 and Social Communication Networks
This term refers, in the business field, to opening up the information flow within organisations. Thus, information becomes accessible to everyone, enabling review, analysis and the detection of possible anomalies. Transparency includes issues such as the publication of audited accounts and budgets, financial statistics, trade and currency information, among others. Ultimately, transparency is the transmission of certainty and confidence, with information being freely available without obstacles or burdensome requirements, in a form that is understandable, which includes all relevant elements, which can be relied upon and which is of high quality.
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An In-Depth Qualitative Interview: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Consent and Transparency
Transparency in data handling and AI systems pertains to the practice of making the processes, operations, and decision-making criteria behind data collection, processing, and algorithmic actions visible and comprehensible to individuals and stakeholders. It ensures that individuals can understand and verify how their data is being used, fostering trust, accountability, and the ability to challenge potentially biased or unfair decisions.
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Quantum Blockchain for Smart Society: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities
Transparency, as used in science, engineering, business, the humanities and in other social contexts, is operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed. Transparency implies openness, communication, and accountability.
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Accountability via Financial Disclosures: An Exploration of the Public's Perceptions
The condition of not keeping secrets from another party by providing information and making disclosures.
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Data Security in Clinical Trials Using Blockchain Technology
The quality of operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions or changes are performed.
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Authentic Assessment in Online Higher Education: Connecting Adult Learner Needs With Industry Expectations
A quality of an assessment for which the purpose, requirements, and evaluation criteria are clearly communicated to the learners.
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Quantum Blockchain: A Systematic Review
Transparency, as used in science, engineering, business, the humanities and in other social contexts, is operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed. Transparency implies openness, communication, and accountability.
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Private Sector Development in Waste Management in Rural Areas
A method of conducting affairs in which the criteria for making decisions are clearly specified and these criteria are clearly employed in any decision-making process.
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Leadership on Ethical Bases in the University Environment to Improve Standards in Higher Education
The use of transparent evaluation mechanisms and the maintenance of open and honest communication in the higher educational process.
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Business Ethics in the Information Age: The Transformations and Challenges of E-Business
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Speaking with Trunks, Dancing with the “Pink Elephants”: Troubling E-Racism, E-Classism, and E-Sexismin Teaching Multicultural Teacher Education
Openness, straightforwardness, directness; the absence of deception, coercion, duplicity; the skill, ability, and will to be honest even when honesty may compromise one’simage, reputation, standing, etc., because it is the right thing to be.
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Challenges of Developing Open Policymaking in the Western Balkans
ability to observe and monitor the public policymaking processes
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Smart Metering Systems: A Blockchain Application for Sustainable Procurement
Anyone authorized can join the network and, as a result, view all information on that network.
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Social Media and the Challenges of Curtailing the Spread of Fake News in Nigeria
Is government’s obligation to share information with citizens that is needed to make informed decisions and hold officials accountable for the conduct of the people’s business.
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E-Assessment in Portuguese Higher Education: Framework and Perceptions of Teachers and Students.
Dimension of PrACT model that intends to make the entire competence assessment program visible and comprehensible for all participants (students, teachers, and employers).
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Circular Economy and Risk Management Synergies in Disruptive Environments
The company’s ability to show not only its economic results but also its way of managing people and business.
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Issues and Aspects of Open Source Software Usage and Adoption in the Public Sector
Transparency involves openness, communication, and accountability. In this context it refers to the fact that, when software is developed, the original source code is available (or not) to public (or user) review.
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Connecting People and Places: How Citizen Diplomacy and VGI Are Strengthening Disaster Response and Community Development
It is making information and procedures easily available, intelligible, and transparent to foster accountability and confidence.
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