What is Critical Pedagogy

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Acknowledging the absence of diverse voices in curricula and instruction while seeking to ensure pedagogy embodies the diverse representation of students. Learn more in: Twice as Good to Get Half: Content and Context of Black Male Teachers and Administrators

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Critical pedagogy is a lens on education which was coined by Paolo Freire. It argues that traditional education—the banking model—oppresses learners instead of producing critically aware thinkers. It reduces them to passive roles and serves wider hegemonic societal expectations that they should comply instead of challenge inequitable power dynamics they encounter. Critical pedagogy supports teachers as they seek to make learners aware of their oppression; it encourages them to support learner identity and voice, and to create optimal conditions for learners to empower themselves and transform their classroom and school experiences. Learn more in: Maintaining a Firm Social Justice Lens During a Public Health Crisis: Lessons Learnt From the ‘Learning Pods' Phenomenon

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A pedagogical approach that is in line with critical social theory; teaching from a stance that is particularly interested in building equity. Learn more in: Preparing Critical Educators and Community-Engaged Scholars Through Participatory Action Research

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An approach to teaching that encourages students to analyze and question dominant and oppressive modes of thought and practice. Learn more in: Understanding the Attrition Rates of Diverse Teacher Candidates: A Study Examining the Consequences of Social Reproduction

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A pedagogy, influenced by critical theory, which emphasizes power structures, how they students’ own contexts and lived experiences, and how the oppressed can resist dominant power structures. Learn more in: Critical Literacy and Genre Pedagogy: Supporting Inclusion, Subverting Bias

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The practice of deconstructing one’s perspective, values in relationship to how they engage in the educational process. Learn more in: Interactive Digital Instruction: Pedagogy of the 21st Century Classroom

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A Freirean (2006) AU28: The in-text citation "Freirean (2006)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. term for consciousness-raising through analysis of lived experience that interrogates power and privilege. Learn more in: The Disciplining and Professionalization of Community Engagement: The Master's Degree

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An approach to teaching that encourages students to analyze and question dominant, oppressive modes of thought and practice. Learn more in: Re-Conceptualizing Race in New York City's High School Social Studies Classrooms

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A social and educational approach to empowering students in the recognition of the knowledge and power relationship. Learn more in: Capabilities-Based Transformative Online Learning Pedagogy for Social Justice

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A discourse designed to examine existing social structures and create ways to implement effective change through viable and accessible actions and solutions. Learn more in: Unlocking the Liberation Doctrine in Media Literacy and Higher Education

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An approach to teaching and learning that disrupts traditional notions of teacher as leader and dominant figure in the learning environment. Instead advocates for giving prominent attention to the socially oppressed and the wisdom they possess of their condition. The goal is to allow them to be empowered and to reverse their subordinate social positions. Learn more in: Preparing to Be Digital: The Paradigm Shift for Media Studies and Higher Education

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Entrenched in Brazilian academic Paulo Freire’s writings, it situates all educational contexts as political and power related. Teaching and learning, therefore, must acknowledge power as central to all creation of knowledge. Freire’s philosophy calls for teachers (as people who hold this power) to become critically aware or conscious of their practices. Teachers must empower their learners to become active change makers through their teaching. In the United States, this term has been extrapolated by such theorists as Michael Apple, Antonia Darder, Henry Giroux, Peter McLaren, Ira Shor, etc. Some of the key critical pedagogical concepts that have subsequently become common vernacular are ‘critical consciousness’, ‘cultural competence’, and ‘praxis’. Learn more in: Revising Cultural Competence and Critical Consciousness for Early Childhood Education

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People in the teaching and learning profession support the belief that continuously analyzing one’s strengths, weaknesses, creative endeavors, and instructional support success, is an integral aspect of the profession. Learn more in: Considering Instructors' Philosophical Belief Systems and Potential Impact Upon eLearning Engagement: Transformative Social Learning Environments

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An approach to teaching and learning, inspired by the work of Paulo Freire, that aims to assist learners and teachers in developing critical consciousness within and about education and the world beyond. Learn more in: Supporting Teacher Candidates as Social Justice Change-Makers: A Faculty-Librarian Collaboration for Building and Using Diverse Youth Collections

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Emerges as both a theory and a praxis. At the core of this is the need for teachers to situate learning and teaching within the social and political contexts of the education system. As such, it therefore presents a method or medium of teaching through which teachers can transform the nature of classroom relations, the capacities of and possibilities for both teachers and students. Learn more in: Moving Away From the “Chalk and Board”: Lessons From a Critical Pedagogical Standpoint

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The philosophical theory and practice of deconstructing teaching and learning through understanding self and society. Learn more in: Student Agency: A Creatively-Focused Digital Critical Pedagogy

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Teaching methods that develop the ability to collect, analyze, interpret, reflect, summarize, and synthesize information from different perspectives. Learn more in: Globalization and Teacher Education: Challenges and Solutions to 21st Century Content Preparation and Pedagogy in Africa

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Based in Freirian thought, critical pedagogues see all education (or the withholding of it) as a political act. They are committed to social justice, and to a co-learning pedagogy with students that will, with work lead to a critical consciousness or conscientization. Learn more in: Whose Side Are We On?: A Call for Critical Solidarity With Participants in Education Research

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A teaching approach which attempts to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that contribute to the oppression of others through an imbalance of power. Learn more in: Place-Based Learning and Participatory Literacies: Building Multimodal Narratives for Change

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A teaching philosophy that encourages students to question paradigms of oppression and marginalization. Learn more in: Transforming the Education of Immigrant Youth: Program Implementation and Instructional Planning

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A set of philosophies, theories, and practices that can enable educators to acknowledge and counter social issues that are rooted in oppression or domination. Learn more in: Teaching Teacher Agency in an Era of Standardization

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An educational means through which educators can raise a critical consciousness in their students. Learn more in: Movement Intellectuals in Popular Music: An Alternative Means of Public Education

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Seeks to affect radical social change by deconstructing the cultural discourses and mechanisms that work to reproduce the social structure. Its main tools are based on critique, deconstruction and socio-political activism. Learn more in: Making Identity Visible: The Case of the “Museum in a Suitcase”

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An educational philosophy which questions the power, social hierarchies, and dominant ideologies. Learn more in: Fostering Active Learning via Critical Pedagogies: Applying Reflective Research

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Giroux (2010) defined critical pedagogy as an “Educational movement guided by both passion and principle to help students develop a consciousness of freedom, recognize authoritarian tendencies, empower the imagination, connect knowledge to truth and power, and to learn to read both the word and the world as part of a broader struggle for agency, justice, and democracy” (p. 335). Learn more in: Social Justice Experiential Education in Rural Fiji

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Critical pedagogy ( Duncan-Andrade & Morrell, 2008 ; Wink, 2005 ) considers the relationship between teaching and learning and the structures of power held within them. It is a philosophy of education and social movement that combines education and critical theory as described by Paulo Freire (1970) and others. It is a praxis-oriented educational movement guided by passion, principle and analysis to better understand the social context, ideologies and dominant myths of a given time in history. Learn more in: Reclaiming the Multilingual Narrative of Children in the Borderlands Using a Critical Integration Approach: A Case Study Highlighting Multilingual Capital in the Curriculum and Classroom

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Focuses on issues of power and social injustice through recognition of students’ and local communities’ knowledge and experiences, as well as collaboration to identify inequity and solidarity among teachers, learners, and community to take social action for greater justice. Learn more in: Implementing a Critical Community of Practice Within a University-Based Teacher Induction Program

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An approach to teaching founded by Paulo Freire in his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968) AU40: The in-text citation "Oppressed (1968)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. that sees teaching and learning as tied to issues of social justice and democracy and works to awaken students’ consciousness to create change in the world. Learn more in: Heeding the Call of America's Youth: Teaching Pre-Service Teachers About Race and Young Adult Literature

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Teaching and learning designed to enable learners, particularly members of oppressed or marginalized groups, to combat social injustice and prejudice. Learn more in: Pedagogical Values in Online and Blended Learning Environments in Higher Education

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A teaching approach inspired by critical theory, radical and other social movement philosophies that attempts to help learners to question and challenge beliefs and practices that promotes domination, segregation, and inequality among races, color, ethnicities, beliefs, political positions, and principles. Learn more in: Reinventing Critical Digital Literacy to Empower Student-Teachers in Cross-Cultural, Web-Based Learning Environments

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Focuses on political and economic issues of schooling such as the representation of texts and construction of subjective states of mind in the student; when applied to media education, it begins with an assessment of contemporary culture and the function of media within it. Learn more in: Communication and Media Theory

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A collective process that utilizes dialogical learning approaches which are critical of the underlying systems and structures of oppression, systemic in their inquiry into both theory and practice, participatory in involving communities in transformation, and creative in bringing into play cultural productions to re-read society. Learn more in: Machitia: An Educator-Focused Liberation Platform for Education

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A teaching philosophy to which interrogation of systemic inequities is central. Students are viewed as active civic members of society (rather than passive learners) who are agents in liberation. Learn more in: Achieving Praxis for TESOL Educators: A Reflective Self-Checklist to Support Culturally Sustaining Practices

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an approach to education that foregrounds the relationship between students and teachers as one that is dialogic and that takes into account the intersections of knowledge, power and authority. Learn more in: Formative Assessment in a Teacher Education Course: Supporting Teachers to Teach Critical Literacy to Young Children

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With roots in critical theory, an approach to teaching that calls for the questioning of power and privilege in the learning environment. Learn more in: Innovation, Critical Pedagogy, and Appreciative Feedback: A Model for Practitioners

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An educational approach that prioritizes student development of advanced critical thinking skills or “conscientization.” See Conscientization, below. Learn more in: Buddhist Detachment as a Conceptual Point of Entry into Teaching Sociopolitically-Located Multicultural Education Online

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The observation that teaching strategies are differentiated between income levels of various groups resulting in more powerful learning opportunities residing with upper income levels than lower income levels. Learn more in: Critical Literacy and Technology: An Essential Intersection for Our Nation's Schools

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Teaching approach that helps students’ questions, and challenge ideas and power structures. Learn more in: Towards Critical Citizenship Education in Kenya

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With roots in critical theory, an approach to teaching that calls for the questioning of power and privilege in the learning environment. Learn more in: Appreciative Assessment in Graphic Design Education Using UDL Strategies

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Is an approach to education rooted in understanding the role of power and politics in society. It views education as part of a broader process of liberation from oppressive structures that cause social inequality, and encourages teachers to consider pedagogy a joint process of knowledge creation rather than a mere transfer of information to from teacher to student. It draws from social theorist Paulo Freire’s work, and has been developed in the United States by scholars such as Henry Giroux, Ira Shor, Peter McLaren, and Antonia Darder. Learn more in: From Praxis to Theory: Mentoring Programs for Underprivileged Students in India

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Educational experience that promotes critical consciousness in schools, which empowers students to question reality to become agents of social transformation. Learn more in: Challenging Fear and Hate: Caring and Compassion as Essential Components of a Critical Pedagogy School Curriculum

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Classroom practices that include critical approaches to social inequities and aim at social justice learning outcomes for students. Learn more in: Redesigning GE Language: Promoting Racial Consciousness in Beginning Spanish

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Grounded in the work of Paulo Freire, this philosophy and social movement applies components of critical theory to education. Specifically, the term is encompassing of the belief that teaching and learning are inherently political acts which foster or impede social justice and democracy. Learn more in: Exploring the Impact of Service-Learning on Literacy Teachers' Self-Reported Empathy

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A manner of teaching that encourages everyone involved in the learning process to examine structures of power and issues of social justice. Established initially by Paulo Freire, this theory of education is intended to foster the development of a critical consciousness or conscientização in Portuguese. Learn more in: Critical Pedagogy and Place: Indigenous Austronesian Seafaring, Communication, and Education in Oceania

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Education practices that are informed by a need to transform and self-reflect for change and empowerment using the vast majority of struggling students due to the existing system to become the defining feature for change. Learn more in: Indigenous Knowledge Exclusion in Education Systems of Africans: Impact of Beingness and Becoming an African

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Various approaches to teaching and learning that include an interrogation of power relations in the classroom and beyond, challenge oppressive power structures, and redistribute power among co-teachers/co-learners. Learn more in: Fostering Change, Transforming Learning: Pedagogical Approaches to Carceral Education