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What is Asynchronous

Handbook of Research on Transnational Higher Education
Used commonly in online education allowing students to learn without any time constraints.
Published in Chapter:
Emergence of Successful Online Courses: A Student and Faculty Shift
Amy L. Sedivy-Benton (University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA), Andrew Hunt (University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA), Teri L. Hunt (University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA), James M. Fetterly (University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA), and Betty K. Wood (University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA)
Copyright: © 2014 |Pages: 11
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4458-8.ch032
Abstract
This chapter seeks to investigate the common characteristics that make online courses high quality. With an increase in online education and the increased attention to national standards and accreditation, there is a need for research to focus on the quality of online education. The literature related to online education suggests that more studies compare traditional courses with online courses as well as ways to affect the social climate of online courses and programs than the quality of online education. Questions to be considered range from, “How much time do instructors spend developing online courses compared to traditional courses?” to “What are the students’ perspective of the quality of online courses / instruction?” McGorry (2003) suggests seven constructs “to evaluate quality and learning in online courses: flexibility, responsiveness and student support, student learning, interaction, technology and technical support, and student satisfaction” (p. 162).
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Flipping Gradual Release: Examining an Online Field Experience for  Elementary Teacher Candidates
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Interaction in Distance Learning
Occurring at different times; interaction is achieved across time, typically through one individual’s reply or comment to another individual’s communication.
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The 4Cs of Academic Language and Literacy: Facilitating Structured Discussions in Remote Classrooms
Offline activities and tasks that do not require live, real-time meeting but are completed over time with a deadline/due date.
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Traditional Instructional Design for Online Learning vs. Unconventional Instructional Design
A delayed communication. For example, electronic mail is asynchronous communication because it does not require the sender and receiver to be connected at the same time.
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Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Online communication that does occur at the same time.
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Can Accounting Programs at Smaller Universities Survive?
An online learning platform that students approach a course at their own time while meeting course requirements.
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Surviving the Game
A type of two-way communication that occurs with a time delay, allowing participants to respond at their own convenience. Literally not synchronous, in other words, not at the same time (http://www.tamu.edu/ode/glossary.html). In CyberSurvivor, learners relied quite heavily on asynchronous communication as they all worked at different times during the day and night, and it was difficult, if not impossible, to coordinate their time online.
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The Development of Collaborative Structures to Support Virtual Classes in Small Schools
In delayed time (e.g., learning from a Web site at a time that is personally convenient).
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Planning Effective Multimedia Instruction
A method of two-way transmitting data in which the parties present in the different time and space. An example of asynchronous communication is e-mail.
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Teacher Education Discussion Module: Online Teacher Chats About Technology in Schools
A method of communicating online with others by typing a message to be retrieved and read later.
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Learning Management Systems in the Era of E-Learning
A type of e-learning is done after the event happens.
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Lessons Learned: Delivering a Professional Master's Degree at an HBCU
Courses are presented online with no required meetings. Students complete their work according to deadlines but have no sessions to attend.
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Social Presence in an Online Learning Environment
A communication method that does not require that the sender and receiver be present simultaneously at their computers for communication, such as email and discussion board. This is a time- and place-independent communication method.
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Blending Digital Content in Teacher Education Programs
In this type of online classroom setting students use online resources to direct their learning and complete tasks that participants can engage in at different times over an extended period rather than all at once.
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Building Identity through Online Collaboration
A type of communication feature that allows for responses to individual postings in online courseware anytime throughout the day, seven days a week. Individuals are not involved in simultaneous communication.
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Blended Mentoring: Integrative Approach for Faculty Mentoring
The exchange of messages that occur by reading and responding as schedules permit rather than according to some clock that is synchronized for both the sender and receiver or in real time.
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Facilitating Scholarly Discussion Boards for Human Resource Education
Communication does not need to occur at the same time, e.g. people are posting to a blog or discussion board and others can post at a later time.
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Gifted and Talented: Not Always a Gift
Cognitive, emotional, and/or physical development of gifted individuals not developing at the same Time.
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Online Learning for All: Addressing Best Practices and Systemic Inequities
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Building Capacity Through Multiculturalism and Diversity in the Online Classroom
Instruction between educators and students that does not occur at the same time; students can access course content and engage in the course at any time.
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Building Identity through Online Collaboration
A type of communication feature that allows for responses to individual postings in online courseware anytime throughout the day, seven days a week. Individuals are not involved in simultaneous communication.
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Evolution of Post-Secondary Distance Education
Communication in which interaction between parties does not take place simultaneously.
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Virtual Instruction in Social Service Professional Programs in Higher Education: Going Viral
Educational platforms that do not require the instructor or learner to be on-line at the same time (Castle & McGuire, 2010).
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Using Learning Management Systems to Promote Online Instruction
Online learning communication that does not require time constraints.
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Online Learning as a Form of Accommodation
Communications between the student and teacher which do not take place simultaneously.
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Evaluating the “Flipped” Face to Face Classroom and the Online Classroom in Teacher Education
Online class time in which students watch weekly presentations and complete assignments at times that meet their schedule. Students are not necessarily online at the same time.
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Quality Matters as the Gold Standard for Accessibility, Diversity, and Inclusion in Online Learning
An online course methodology that allows students to access course information and assignments at their own pace within a set timeframe. There are no formal meeting times.
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Using Course Maps for Easy Classroom to Computer Transition
Communication that allows for the sharing of ideas over a period of time, such as through discussion boards, e-mail, or a newsroom.
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EFL Students' Perceptions and Practices Regarding Online Language Learning: A Case in Vietnam
(of learning or teaching) Involving students working separately at different times, for example using recorded lessons or the Internet, rather than involving students and teacher taking part in a lesson at the same time.
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Technology Support for Collaborative Learning
Communication that takes place where participants communication responses are separated in time. The participants may be at the same place or at different places.
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Distance Learning Concepts and Technologies
A two-way communication that proceeds independently of each other with a time delay.
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Revisit Planning Effective Multimedia Instructions
A method of two-way transmitting data in which the parties present in the different time and space. An example of asynchronous communication is e-mail.
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Online Learning's Future in the Workplace with Augmented Reality
Two-way communication that does not occur simultaneously in real time, allowing people to communicate at their convenience. Examples include e-mail and discussion forums.
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Graduate Teacher Trainee Acquisition of 21st Century Competencies in the Context of Competence-Based Curriculum
A type of learning where learners interact with online materials usually designed by the facilitator at their own time and convenience.
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The Pedagogy of Social Development in Online Learning
Time-delayed interaction that does not require participants to be online simultaneously; individuals send or post messages and the recipients read them at a later time.
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Reshaping Pharmacy and Allied Health Education for a Post-Pandemic World Using Kotter's Change Model
Course delivery method where content is not delivered to all students at the same time; allows student flexibility in access to content.
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Effective Methods of Teaching Asynchronous Classes
A type of e-learning is done after the event happens.
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Taxonomies for Technology
Not necessarily occurring at the same time. In asynchronous electronic communications it is reasonable to expect that all communicating parties are not at or near their computer or communications technology. E-mail is an asynchronous technology.
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Telementoring in the P-16+ Environment
Refers to online communication that occurs at separate times.
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Librarianship Through Every Occasion: Staying Open and Online During a Pandemic
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An Overview of Asynchronous Online Learning
In distance education, asynchronous refers to communication in a learning process that is not necessarily immediate. This includes methods like Web logs (blogs), bulletin boards, e-mail, and correspondence.
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Distance Education at University Settings
In online courses, asynchronous term refers to communication that occurs with delay when participants are separated by distance.
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Issue and Practices of Electronic Learning
Communication between parties in which the interaction does not take place simultaneously
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Constructivist Teaching and Learning in a Web-Based Environment
Refers to the ability of learners to complete required tasks at different times. Discussion tools (i.e., bulletin boards) are examples of asynchronous tools used in the Web-based environment
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Informal Individual Learning via Virtual Professional Development: A Proposal for Massive Open Online Professional Informal Individual Learning (MOOPIL)
Online learning and class participation occur at the student’s leisure. There is no set time to attend class or do related course work.
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Normalizing an Off-Campus Course with Video-Conferencing
An activity that does not have a strong connection to time. Participants may choose to participate (review or generate artifacts) at a time that is convenient to them and then come back later to review and respond to subsequent participation artifacts. Examples include a discussion forum, a blog, a social networking site, or an email.
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Virtual Exchange Experiences Energized by an Educational Technology Paradigm Shift
Online learning delivered with no predetermined meeting days or times. All instructional materials are housed in the learning management system.
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Supporting Sustained Faculty Engagement in Blended Learning
Events for a class that do not take place in live time, but rather are completed by the learner in a digital learning environment by a certain date.
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Addressing Discrepancies in Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Quality and Rigor of Online Courses
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Video-Based Discussion: Promoting Presence Through Interactions in Online Higher Education Courses
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Transforming Crucial Academic Support Services During a Pandemic: An Experiential Autoethnography
Learning on your own time, and not concurrently with classmates and the instructor of the class. There may be lectures to view, materials to read and assignments to complete each week or within a certain period of time.
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Classroom Without Borders
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines the word as of, used in, or being digital communication (as between computers) in which there is no timing requirement for transmission and in which the start of each character is individually signaled by the transmitting device. The term asynchronous is usually used to describe communications in which data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream. Teaching and learning anytime anywhere is the typical asynchronous nature of distance education.
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Developing a Virtual Professional Learning Community for Online Faculty
Form of education, instruction, or learning that does not occur in the same place or at the same time.
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Building Interaction in Adults' Online Courses: A Case Study on Training E-Educators of Adults
In online education, the term refers to educator-learner interaction and communication that does not take place at the same time and thus permits learners and educators to respond to each other at their own convenient time.
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Online Corporate Collaborative Teams
Anytime. When applied to collaboration tools, it refers to those such as e-mail and discussion forums where messages are stored and forwarded so that participants do not have to be in the communication session at the same time.
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Community in the Online Environment
Not in sync or at the same time. Refers to the type of communication that happens with discussion boards. Students are not at the computer at the same time. Discussion boards may be read and responded to at different times.
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Cohort Programming
E-learning in which the instructor and learner participate at different locations and times.
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Teaching and Learning in Turbulent Times: International College Students in the U.S.
Learning content has been preset by the instructor using a Learning Management System. Students will learn the content at their own pace without being required to meet with the instructor.
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K-20 Learning along a Novice to Expert Continuum in Online Learning Environments
While asynchronous modes do not usually have a defined weekly time element, they usually publish a due date for assignments. This due date helps students define their perspective of time.
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Empowerment of Grass Roots Communities Through Information-Driven Learning
Refers to processes that proceed independently of each other. An asynchronous course is one in which the instruction is delivered at one time and the work can be done at a different time. In asynchronous classes, learners and educators use e-mail, listservs or other technologies which allow them to communicate without having to be in the same place and at the same time.
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Using Gagné's Events of Instruction to Analyze Online Course Quality
Online communication tools that allow learners and instructors to effectively communicate regardless of whether they are connected to the course management system simultaneously. In effect, these tools allow users to leave messages for each other, which can be accesses and viewed, saved, considered, and responded to at a later time.
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Using Blended Learning and Emerging Technologies to Transform the Adult Learning Experience
Online classes or programs that do not require learners and instructors to be online at the same time in order to facilitate lectures, discussion, and/or presentations. Courses or programs can be completed independently.
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Flipping the Post-COVID Online Classroom in a Professional Development Program at the Namibia University of Science and Technology
Students and the instructor engage with the content, activities, and assessments online but according to their own pace and time. Asynchronous places more responsibility for the learning process to the student.
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Enhancing Active Learning Pedagogy through Online Collaborative Learning
A digital communication in which there is no timing requirement for transmission.
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Setting Up to Thrive by Anchoring in Evaluation
A type of learning or communication that does not require the participants to be present or engage in real-time interaction simultaneously. In an asynchronous environment, learners have the flexibility to access and participate in learning activities at their own pace and convenience.
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Learner Perceptions of Online Courses
Online communication tools that allow learners and instructors to effectively communicate regardless of whether they are connected to the course management system simultaneously. In effect, these tools allow users to leave messages for each other, which can be accesses and viewed, saved, considered, and responded to at a later time.
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Experiential Learning Model for Online and F2F Programs in University Continuing Education
A course which is delivered with no live elements allowing students to take part at any time.
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Netiquette
Asynchronous electronic communications do not require real-time interaction. In other words, the sender and receiver do not have to be online concurrently to interact.
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The Experiences of Preparatory School Students With Online Language Classes and Tools
Teaching and learning through recorded classes and activities outside the virtual classes.
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The Future of Distance Education: An International Comparative Study
Learning that happens without real-time interaction, allowing participants to access and engage with instructional materials at their own pace and convenience. Interaction between participants may also occur in this format.
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Best Practices for Online Training and Support for Online Instructors
Asynchronous course elements do not require students to login at the same time as each other. They provide flexibility to students and faculty to participate at the time that works best for each person.
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Access, Relevance, and Inclusivity: Assessing What Matters Most to Virtual Faculty
Refers to the use and/or sharing of resources outside the constraints of time and place.
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Implementation of the Ford PAS Web-Based Curriculum
Asynchronous communication is a type of communication that occurs with a time delay between steps in the dialog, allowing participants to respond at their own convenience.
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Using Technology in Providing Effective Training
Occurring in delayed time, not in real time.
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Liberating Educational Technology Through the Socratic Method
Online education where students and teacher work toward a shared learning objective by communicating with each other at different times.
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Assessing Program Outcomes of an M.Ed. Curriculum and Instruction Program: A Comparison of Face-to-Face to Completely Online Deliverables
A distance education modality where learners engage in course content without direct guidance from an instructor outside the constraints of time and place.
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Social Presence in Distance Learning
Occurring at different times. In the context of communications technologies, asynchronous technologies allow communicators to interact with the conversation at different times; for example, e-mail or threaded discussions.
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Computer Mediated Collaboration
Communications and activities occurring between participants not connected in real time, the opposite of synchronous
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How to Teach Writing Effectively in a Virtual Environment: Tips for Growing Student Writers Through a Virtual Platform
Work that students complete on their own, outside of class time. Teachers give assignments and students are required to complete them and turn them in by a given deadline.
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Beyond Onboarding: Building a Culture of Continuous Professional Development for Effective Online Instruction
Online interactions that do not require real-time communication between students and faculty. Asynchronous interactions often involve discussion forums, emails, and video- or audio-recordings that can be completed by students on their own time.
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Lectures and Discussions in Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environments: The Effect of Communication Modality on Learner Satisfaction and Mental Effort
Asynchronous communication happens at different times. A typical example of asynchronous communication and interaction is a discussion board where users contribute their posts at different times.
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A Matrix for E-Collaboration in Rural Canadian Schools
In delayed time (e.g., learning from a Web site at a time that is personally convenient).
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Facilitation Strategies to Moderate Synchronous Virtual Discussion Groups in Teacher Training
Any type of communication and online interaction that does not happen in real time. A discussion board where students can post their contributions any time is an example of asynchronous communication, whereas the opposite (i.e., synchronous) would be a live lecture, for example, via a video conference or in a virtual world setting where avatars meet and interact in real time.
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Digital and Collaborative Work: Winning Couple?
Communication not simultaneous but at the same place or with the same tools.
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Preparing Part-Time Instructors for Success in Online Course Development and Teaching
A course which is delivered with no live elements allowing students to take part at any time.
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Resourcing Equity for Online Learners: Supporting Students-with-Limitations
Refers to self-directed learning opportunities that are not coordinated in time, where learners are not in the same geographical location as the instructor, such as in correspondence courses.
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Innovative Strategies for Preparing and Developing Career and Technical Education Leaders
Interaction, communication, and/or completion of tasks between two individuals or groups that can be completed during different timeframes.
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“I Found Myself Retweeting”: Using Twitter Chats to Build Professional Learning Networks
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Instructional Design and E-Training
Learning in which interaction between instructors and students occurs intermittently with a time delay. Examples are self-paced courses taken via the Internet or CD-ROM, Q&A mentoring, online discussion groups, and e-mail (Learning Circuits, 2006).
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Computer Mediated Collaboration
Communications and activities occurring between participants not connected in real time, the opposite of synchronous
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Future Methods of Adult Education
Electronic communication that does not require those participating to be on-line at the same time.
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TACTivities: A Way to Promote Hands-On, Minds-On Learning in a Virtual Learning Environment
Not happening at the same time. Asynchronous work is work that may be completed at the students’ own pace (though typically subject to due dates). In the context of remote learning (see definition below), asynchronous activities may include watching a pre-recorded lecture; completing online homework.
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Supporting Students Through Online Learning
An online course that is taught via a digital learning platform where students can meet the course requirements any time, day, or place.
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Telemedicine in Pandemic Times
The transmission of date and medical records over a period of time in separate time frames as in the case of email or cloud exchanges; the opposite of synchronous.
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Online Learner Expectations
Communication occurring via a time delay, such as posts to an electronic bulletin board.
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Just-in-Time Training (JITT) and its Implications for Teaching and Learning
A form of online discussion among students, workers, or instructors. Participants post comments, opinions, reflections, or questions to a type of online discussion board. Participants can read and respond to others’ postings. Participants can access or post at any time.
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Strategies to Support Teachers in Designing Culturally Responsive Curricula in Online Learning Environments
Asynchronous communication happens at different times. Discussion forums, for example, are often asynchronous because the participants contribute their posts at different times. An advantage of asynchronous communication is that the participants have ample time to read and reflect on other participants’ posts and to carefully prepare their own contributions at their own pace.
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Telementoring: Mentoring Beyond the Constraints of Time and Space
Refers to the nature of telecommunications that permits each
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Asynchronicity, Access, and Attainment: Best Practices of an Adult Degree Completion Program
An online methodology for delivering academic course content that allows the learner to access materials at any time and does not require a specific meeting time or place.
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Social Structures of Online Religious Communities
In communication, this term refers to channels which can operate with only one member of an interaction present at any time; one leaves a message, and later someone else reads it and perhaps responds; email is asynchronous
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Cybercells for Virtual Teaching and Learning
In delayed time (e.g., learning from a Web site at a time that is personally convenient).
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Comprehensive Distance Learning Design for Adult Education
Asynchronous learning stands for non-simultaneous learning and affords the convenience of learners and teachers being able to log-in, read material, engage in discussions, post assignments, etc, whenever is convenient for their schedule, commitments and time zones. Technology options can extend the possibilities in many directions for both asynchronous learning through for example online discussion boards, video clips, audio clips, podcasts, and file sharing, video conferencing, podcasting, etc.
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Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Online communication that does occur at the same time.
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